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[캄보디아역사탐방] 근세 캄보디아4

기사입력 : 2015년 02월 17일

1920년대를 거쳐서 1930년대에 이르러 사회 기반시설의 건설이 대체로 완성되면서 경제활동이 활발해지고 캄보디아는 풍요를 누리기도 했다. 1930년까지 많은 공공시설이 완성되었는데 캄보디아 전역에 걸쳐 포장도로가 9000km가 건설되고 1932년에는 프놈펜에서 바탐방을 연결하는 철도가 완성되어 도시와 농촌간의 교류가 편해지고 상업의 발달을 촉진시켰다. 또한 지방도시에 전기를 공급하고 도시미관을 위해 프놈펜을 계획도시로 개발시키고 1930년대에는 왕궁을 새로 건설하였다.

 1_royal1

근대화 작업이 어느 정도 안정되고 행정체계, 조세와 사법체계가 안정되고 경제활동이 활발해질 무렵에 시소왓 왕을 이어 ‘모니봉’이 즉위하면서 그에 의해 캄보디아의 전통 문화가 발전하였다. 그는 수많은 왕비와 애첩들을 거느리며 궁중무용을 후원하고 즐기면서 왕정의 일은 돌보지 않았다. 궁중무용단원들 중에는 폴폿의 고모와 누나가 활동하다가 모니봉의 후궁과 애첩이 되기도 하였다.

Preah_Bat_Sisowath_Monivong

1940년 세계2차 대전이 발생하면서 프랑스가 독일에 패하기 이전까지 캄보디아의 독립은 생각지 못하였다. 1930년 중반 캄보디아의 독립을 촉구하는 신문의 창간과 불교종단 지배자들에 의해서 민족의식이 싹트기 시작했지만 소수의 지식인들에게만 한정되어있어서 전국적으로 확산되진 못했다. 전쟁 초기의 프랑스의 패전은 인도차이나 반도 프랑스 총독부를 급격히 약화시켰다. 프랑스는 전쟁을 피하기 위해 일본군의 인도차이나 반도 활동을 허락하며 가까스로 식민통치를 유지하고 있었다. 전쟁을 치르면서 일본은 동남아 전역에 걸쳐 식민통치 관리들을 구금하고 현지인 관리들로 대체시켜 영향력을 행사하였다. 당시 친일본 정부였던 태국은 이러한 프랑스의 약세를 틈타 캄보디아 북서부의 프랑스 육군을 공격하였다. 프랑스는 이에 대한 보복으로 해군을 이동시켜 반격하지만 일본과의 협상으로 종전된다. 형식적으로는 협상이었지만 거의 프랑스의 패배나 다름없었다. 프랑스는 바탐방, 앙코르왓을 제외한 대부분의 시엠립 지역 등을 보상금과 함께 태국에 넘겨주어야 했다. 이에 격분한 모니봉 왕은 프랑스 관리들과의 접촉을 끊고 생활하다가 1941년 사망한다. / 글 : 박근태(왕립프놈펜대학 크메르어문학과 4학년)

 

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