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[캄보디아 투자] 캄보디아 MFI 시장현황

기사입력 : 2014년 01월 03일

질문 115. 캄보디아에는 한국의 저축은행과 같은 소매금융업에 해당하는 마이크로 파이낸스업(MFI, Micro Finance Institute)의 시장현황은 어떤지요?

 

답변

2012년 12월 말 현재로 캄보디아 중앙은행(NBC, National Bank of Cambodia)에 등록된 MFI는 35개 회사로 대출 뿐만 아니라 예금도 받을 수 있는 규모가 큰 MFI는 7개가 있으며, 나머지 28개 회사는 대출만이 가능합니다.

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위 표에서 알 수 있듯이 예금가능한 MFI는 규모 및 수익성면에서 보면 왠만한 상업은행(commercial bank)보다 훨씬 우량기업임을 알 수 있습니다. 대부분 규모가 큰MFI은 NGO(Non-governmaental Organization)의 형태로 시작되었으므로 외국인 지분의 비율이 큽니다.

반면 소규모 영세 MFI는 수익성이 낮으며 일반적으로 적자 경영을 하고 있는 실정입니다.  이것이 의미하는 바는 MFI를 운영하기 위해서 기본적으로 지출해야하는 고정비성 경비를 충당하지 못하는 경우에는 적자를 면하지 못합니다. 예를 들면 1백만불 정도의 대출이 있는 경우 월 이자수익을 2%로 가정하면 20,000불의 매출이 발생하나 외국인 대표이사 및 캄보디아 종업원 20명 인건비가 15,000불, 임대료 및 기타 일반관리비가 5,000불인 경우에 겨우 손익분기점에 도달할 수 있습니다.  더구나 순수 자본금이 아니라 차입금을 이용한 경우에는 이자도 지급을 해야 하므로 이익을 실현하기는 어렵게 됩니다.  즉, 적어도 2-3백만불 정도 규모 이상의 대출이 있어야만 안정된 사업을 할 수 있으므로 적은 규모의 자금으로 쉽게 접근할 수 있는 사업이 아닙니다.

따라서, 소규모 MFI가 생존하기 위해서는 저렴한 비용의 자금을 2-3백만불 이상의 규모로 조달을 하거나 M&A를 통하여 규모의 경제를 이용해야 할 것입니다.

MFI시장은 지속적으로 성장을 하고 있습니다. 2012년도 MFI 자산 총액은 1,073백만불로 2011년 대비 43%가 증가했으며, 대출총액은 886백만불로 전년 대비 38%가 증가 했으며, 예금총액은 274백만불로 전년 대비 141%가 증가를 했습니다.

/ (세법관련질의) 우리회계법인 고동호 회계사 (dhkoh99@gmail.com)

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